ਪੰਜਾਬੀEnglish

Events

Moments that shaped Punjab, in order, from the timelines of Kosh entries. Each links to the place where it happened.

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1st century

  1. Early 1800sNawab Qutbuddin Khan of Mamdot founds Jalalabad as his capital, naming it for his son Jalaluddin. Jalalabad
  2. c. 1st centuryFounded as Raghupur by Raja Raghab, a Brahmin ruler. Rahon
  3. 24 November 1995Moga district is carved out of Faridkot; the city becomes its headquarters. Moga
  4. 30 July 1857Soldiers of the 26th Native Infantry are killed at Ajnala and thrown into the Kalianwala Khu. Ajnala
  5. 47The Romans found Ratae Corieltauvorum at the site of Leicester. Leicester
  6. 49 BCEBergomum, modern Bergamo, becomes a Roman municipality. Bergamo

2nd century

  1. 187 BCMarcus Aemilius Lepidus builds the Via Aemilia; Regium Lepidi, modern Reggio, is founded on it. Reggio Emilia

7th century

  1. 630sThe Chinese traveller Xuanzang notes Sirhind as the capital of the Shitotulo (Sutlej) district. Sirhind
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8th century

  1. 753 BCRome's legendary founding by Romulus, the date from which the city counted its years. Rome
  2. 794Frankfurt is first mentioned in a document, as Franconofurd, the ford of the Franks on the Main. Frankfurt

9th century

  1. 808Charlemagne orders the Hammaburg castle built between the Alster and the Elbe, the origin of Hamburg's name. Hamburg

10th century

  1. 985Lady Wulfruna founds the town that becomes Wolverhampton. Wolverhampton

11th century

  1. 1000Tradition dates the founding by Rajput chief Shankar Sahai. Garhshankar
  2. 1043Leofric, Earl of Mercia, and Lady Godiva found a Benedictine monastery at Coventry. Coventry
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12th century

  1. 1103Sultan Khan Lodhi, a general of Mahmud of Ghazni, founds the city. Sultanpur Lodhi
  2. 1158Henry the Lion founds Munich by the Isar crossing to control the salt trade; 14 June 1158 is kept as the founding day. Munich
  3. 1189Hamburg receives Free Imperial City status with tax-free passage down the Lower Elbe. Hamburg
  4. 1192Qutb-ud-Din Aibak is endowed with the territory of Samana. Samana

13th century

  1. 1200sMāori settle Tauranga in the late 13th century; the name means a resting place or anchorage. Tauranga
  2. 1237The year kept as Berlin's founding date, from the twin trade settlements of Berlin and Colln on the Spree. Berlin
  3. 1240Razia Sultan, deposed from the throne of Delhi, is held prisoner in Qila Mubarak. Bathinda
  4. 1241Hamburg's alliance with Lubeck is regarded as the founding moment of the Hanseatic League. Hamburg
  5. 1255Munich becomes the ducal residence of Upper Bavaria. Munich

14th century

  1. 1345A charter of Edward III formally recognises Coventry's city status. Coventry
  2. 1372Frankfurt becomes an imperial free city of the Holy Roman Empire. Frankfurt

15th century

  1. 1428Bergamo is ceded to the Republic of Venice, whose rule later builds the Città Alta walls. Bergamo
  2. 1451The University of Glasgow is founded. Glasgow
  3. 1454Sheikh Sadruddin settles at Malerkotla; the princely state traces its origin to this settlement. Malerkotla
  4. 1454Shaikh Sadruddin receives land in marriage grant from Behlol Lodhi, laying the foundation of Maler. Malerkotla District
  5. 1478The Rai family founds Talwandi Rai in the Ludhiana plain. Raikot
  6. 1480Ludhiana is founded by Lodi chiefs Yusuf Khan and Nihad Khan. Ludhiana
  7. 1487Guru Nanak Dev Ji marries Mata Sulakhni at Batala. Batala
  8. 1487Guru Nanak arrives in Sultanpur and takes work at the modi khana. Sultanpur Lodhi
  9. 1493Jhanda Khan Gakhar re-establishes the ruined town as Rawalpindi. Rawalpindi
  10. 1499Guru Nanak bathes in the Kali Bein and emerges enlightened, uttering 'Na koi Hindu, na Musalman'. Sultanpur Lodhi
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16th century

  1. 1506Munich becomes the capital of a reunited Bavaria. Munich
  2. 1517–1526Flourishing trade centre under Ibrahim Lodhi, reported population 145,000. Rahon
  3. 1530Mirza Hadi Beg founds the town. Qadian
  4. 1539Tradition: Sher Shah Suri seeks Raj Dev's blessings before attacking Humayun. Balachaur
  5. 1540Bassi Pathana is founded as a settlement of Pathans, the City of Pathanas. Bassi Pathana
  6. 1540Sher Shah Suri builds a sarai at Rajpura on the imperial highway, between 1540 and 1545. Rajpura
  7. 1542Sher Shah Suri's sarai is raised at Phillaur on the imperial road. Phillaur
  8. 1556–1605Capital of the Dardhak Mahal in Akbar’s reign. Rahon
  9. 1557Akbar's army under Lahore governor Khizr Khan camps at Dasuya against Sikandar Sur. Dasuya
  10. 1577Guru Ram Das founds the city around a natural pool. Amritsar
  11. 1590sThe Ain-i-Akbari lists Sunam as a pargana of Sirhind sarkar with a brick fort. Sunam

17th century

  1. 1600sGuru Hargobind Sahib founds the town, naming it after himself; Guru Ki Maseet is built. Sri Hargobindpur
  2. 1600sThe Sarai Lashkari serai is built on the imperial highway in the time of Aurangzeb. Doraha
  3. 1600sSanghu, a Jat, founds the settlement that becomes Sangrur, by tradition. Sangrur
  4. 1604The Adi Granth is installed in Harmandir Sahib. Amritsar
  5. 1606Guru Hargobind establishes the Akal Takht. Amritsar
  6. 1621Nur Jahan has the Serai Nurmahal built under Zakariya Khan (1028–1030 Hijri). Nurmahal
  7. 1630sGuru Hargobind halts at Doraha during his Malwa travels; gurdwaras later mark the visit. Doraha
  8. 1631Guru Hargobind visits the Jagraon region; Gurdwara Guru Sar is later raised at Kaunke. Jagraon
  9. 1634The Battle of Lahira is fought in the district between Guru Hargobind and Mughal forces. Bathinda
  10. 1642Montreal is founded as Ville-Marie on 17 May. Montreal
  11. 1648The Rai family founds Raikot, seat of their chieftainship. Raikot
  12. 1657Bayazid Khan founds the fort of Malerkotla — the princely state in whose orbit Ahmedgarh grows as a qasba market town. Ahmedgarh
  13. 1657Bayazid Khan, a descendant of Shaikh Sadruddin, founds Kotla. Malerkotla District
  14. 1658–1707Brick fort built at Rahon under Aurangzeb. Rahon
  15. 1675Bhai Jaita Ji rests at the present Nabha Sahib site carrying Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji's head towards Anandpur Sahib. Zirakpur
  16. 1675Sayyad Jalal-ud-Din of Samana executes Guru Tegh Bahadur at Delhi's Chandni Chowk. Samana
  17. 1680Chaudhri Rama, son of Chaudhri Phul, founds the town. Rampura Phul
  18. 1688Rai Kamaluddin of Raikot founds Jagraon. Jagraon
  19. 1688Rai Kamaluddin of Raikot founds Jagraon. Raikot
  20. 1688Guru Gobind Singh Ji visits the site on his return from Paonta Sahib after the Battle of Bhangani. Zirakpur
  21. 1696Guru Gobind Singh sends a hukamnama to Rama and Tiloka. Rampura Phul

18th century

  1. 1700sFaiz Baksh, Governor of Sirhind, founds Amloh. Amloh
  2. 1701Fort Pontchartrain du Detroit is founded on 24 July 1701. Detroit
  3. 1701Berlin becomes the capital of the new Kingdom of Prussia. Berlin
  4. 1704Wazir Khan, the Mughal governor, has the younger Sahibzadas Zorawar Singh and Fateh Singh bricked alive. Sirhind
  5. 1705Nawab Sher Mohammed Khan protests the execution of the younger Sahibzadas: the Haa da Naara. Malerkotla
  6. 1705Work begins on the Pothimala building, the manuscript house of the Sodhi family. Guru Har Sahai
  7. 1705Rai Kalha shelters Guru Gobind Singh Ji at Raikot and receives the Ganga Sagar and a sword. Raikot
  8. 1705Nawab Sher Mohammed Khan of Malerkotla protests the sentencing of Guru Gobind Singh's young sons at Sirhind — the act behind the region's lasting communal harmony. Ahmedgarh
  9. 1705Mata Gujri and the younger Sahibzade are held for a night in Morinda's kotwali after their arrest at Saheri. Morinda
  10. 1705Nawab Sher Mohammed Khan protests the execution of Guru Gobind Singh young sons at Sirhind, remembered as Haa da Naara. Malerkotla District
  11. 1709Banda Singh Bahadur destroys Banur on his march from Lohgarh towards Sirhind. Banur
  12. 1709Banda Singh Bahadur sacks Samana; the Mughals retake it the following year. Samana
  13. 1710Banda Singh Bahadur captures Sirhind and executes Wazir Khan. Sirhind
  14. 1710Battle of Rahon — Banda Singh Bahadur defeats the Mughals and takes the town. Rahon
  15. 1714Rama is killed at Maler Kotla. Rampura Phul
  16. 1721Lombe's Mill, the Derby silk mill, opens as an early British factory. Derby
  17. 1722Baba Ala Singh establishes his headquarters at Barnala, with about thirty villages under him. Barnala District
  18. 1731Ala Singh's victory at the Battle of Barnala makes him a leading Cis-Sutlej chief. Barnala
  19. 1731Ala Singh defeats Rai Kalha of Raikot at Barnala and expands his territory. Barnala District
  20. 1739Nader Shah's invasion devastates the city on his way to Delhi. Sultanpur Lodhi
  21. 1742Maharaja Ala Singh of Patiala recovers Samana for the Sikh side. Samana
  22. 1745Guru Jiwan Mal founds the locality and names it Guru Har Sahai after his son Har Sahai. Guru Har Sahai
  23. 1750The town passes to the Sikhs of the Ahluwalia confederacy. Nurmahal
  24. 1754Maharaja Ala Singh of Patiala conquers Bathinda; the town follows Patiala State until independence. Bathinda
  25. 1755Hamir Singh of the Phulkian family founds the town of Nabha. Nabha
  26. 1759Sardar Jassa Singh Ahluwalia restores the city and takes its historic shrines under his protection. Sultanpur Lodhi
  27. 1759Becomes capital of the Dallewalia Misl under Tara Singh Ghaiba. Rahon
  28. 1760The Rais of Raikot take Ludhiana town. Raikot
  29. 1762Ahmad Shah Durrani burns Barnala and forces Ala Singh to submit. Barnala
  30. 1763Baba Ala Singh founds Patiala and lays the foundation of Qila Mubarak. Patiala
  31. 1763After the fall of Sirhind, Raja Hamir Singh of Nabha annexes Amloh. Amloh
  32. 1763Kalsia State is founded; Dera Bassi becomes the seat of its Basi tehsil. Dera Bassi
  33. 1763Nabha State is established with Nabha as its capital. Nabha
  34. 1763Ala Singh builds a fort at the seat that becomes Patiala, which replaces Barnala as his permanent capital. Barnala District
  35. 1764The Dal Khalsa defeats governor Zain Khan and occupies Sirhind; it passes to Baba Ala Singh of Patiala. Sirhind
  36. 1764Ala Singh shifts his capital from Barnala to the newly founded Patiala. Barnala
  37. 1766The Faizullahpuria Misl captures Jalandhar. Jalandhar
  38. 1766Sardar Milkha Singh invites Jhelum and Shahpur traders to settle. Rawalpindi
  39. 1773Sangrur passes from Nabha State to Jind State. Sangrur
  40. 1779Jassa Singh Ahluwalia decisively occupies Kapurthala in December and makes it the Ahluwalia headquarters. Kapurthala
  41. 1780sManchester's first cotton mill is built, and the town begins its rise as Cottonopolis. Manchester
  42. 1788The First Fleet establishes the penal colony at Sydney Cove in January 1788. Sydney
  43. 1790Rai Ahmad of Jagraon is arrested by the Maratha general Ranee Khan and escapes at Panipat. Jagraon
  44. 1791Birmingham is hailed as the first manufacturing town in the world. Birmingham
  45. 1797The tricolour that becomes the Italian flag is first adopted in Reggio on 7 January 1797. Reggio Emilia

19th century

  1. 1800sSamrala develops as a qasba market town on the Ludhiana–Chandigarh route. Samrala
  2. 1806Detroit is incorporated as a city on 13 September 1806. Detroit
  3. 1806Munich becomes the capital of the new Kingdom of Bavaria. Munich
  4. 1808The Raja of Patiala signs a treaty with the British against Ranjit Singh. Patiala
  5. 1809After the Treaty of Amritsar, Ludhiana becomes a British cantonment on the Sutlej frontier. Ludhiana
  6. 1809Maharaja Ranjit Singh occupies Hoshiarpur. Hoshiarpur
  7. 1809Ranjit Singh rebuilds the sarai as a fort, designed by Dewan Mohkam Chand. Phillaur
  8. 1810Ranjit Singh seizes Rawalpindi; Sikh rule consolidated at Haidru, 1813. Rawalpindi
  9. 1810A royal wedding celebration on the meadows outside Munich grows into the annual Oktoberfest. Munich
  10. 1811Maharaja Ranjit Singh incorporates Jalandhar into the Sikh Empire. Jalandhar
  11. 1816The Leeds and Liverpool Canal is completed, deepening the city's industrial growth. Leeds
  12. 1820Sharjah's Sheikh signs the General Maritime Treaty with Britain, its port valued for its position on the sea route to India. Sharjah
  13. 1822Raja Sangat Singh makes Sangrur the capital of Jind State. Sangrur
  14. 1822Dubai is a pearling and fishing town of some 700 to 800 members of the Bani Yas tribe. Dubai
  15. 1824A penal settlement is founded at Redcliffe, the start of Brisbane, and moves to the Brisbane River site the next year. Brisbane
  16. 1829Captain James Stirling founds Perth on 4 June 1829 as the centre of the Swan River Colony. Perth
  17. 1830The Liverpool and Manchester Railway opens, the world's first modern railway. Manchester
  18. 1831Maharaja Ranjit Singh meets Governor-General Lord William Bentinck at Ropar in October; the meeting's agreement is dated 26 October. Rupnagar
  19. 1832Montreal is incorporated as a city. Montreal
  20. 1835Melbourne is founded by free settlers from Van Diemen's Land on the Yarra River. Melbourne
  21. 1836Adelaide is founded on 28 December 1836 as the planned capital of South Australia. Adelaide
  22. 1837Chicago is incorporated as a city on 4 March 1837. Chicago
  23. 1837Houston is incorporated on 5 June 1837. Houston
  24. 1839Maharaja Ranjit Singh dies in Lahore; Majithia sardars had served high office in his darbar. Majitha
  25. 1839The railway reaches Derby, and the city grows into a centre of the British rail industry. Derby
  26. 1840Auckland is founded on 18 September 1840 and becomes the colony's capital. Auckland
  27. 1842The Great Fire destroys about a quarter of the inner city. Hamburg
  28. 1844The British administration makes Garhshankar a tehsil. Garhshankar
  29. 1844J.H. Oliver founds Fazilka on land ceded by the Bahawalpur princely state, naming it after Mian Fazil Watto. Fazilka
  30. 1844J.H. Oliver founds Fazilka town as a trading post, named for Mian Fazil Watoo. Fazilka District
  31. 1845The Battle of Mudki is fought nearby, opening the First Anglo-Sikh War. Zira
  32. 1846The Jalandhar Doab passes to the British after the First Anglo-Sikh War. Hoshiarpur
  33. 1846The British take the fort after the Battle of Aliwal. Phillaur
  34. 1846After the First Anglo-Sikh War, a quarter of the state's territory is confiscated and Raja Davinder Singh is deposed. Nabha
  35. 1847Indianapolis is incorporated as a city. Indianapolis
  36. 1848Jalandhar Cantonment is established, among the oldest in India. Jalandhar
  37. 1848Sacramento is laid out in December 1848 south of Sutter's Fort during the Gold Rush. Sacramento
  38. 1849Maharaja Duleep Singh spends the night of 31 December at Bassian Kothi on his way into exile. Raikot
  39. 1849Sikh commanders surrender near Rawalpindi; Punjab annexed by the British. Rawalpindi
  40. 1849Stockton is founded during the California Gold Rush; it is incorporated in 1850. Stockton
  41. 1850The Khanna jagir lapses to the British on the death of its last holder, Mai Daya Kaur. Khanna
  42. 1850Sacramento is incorporated on 27 February 1850, the oldest incorporated city in California. Sacramento
  43. 1850The First Four Ships bring the Canterbury Pilgrims to Lyttelton Harbour. Christchurch
  44. 1851Work begins on the Bari Doab Canal from the Madhopur headworks near Pathankot. Dhariwal
  45. 1851Cantonment decision — Rawalpindi becomes the Northern Command's largest garrison town. Rawalpindi
  46. 1851Melbourne becomes the capital of the new Colony of Victoria, and gold is discovered in Victoria. Melbourne
  47. 1853Pathankot is merged into Gurdaspur district under British rule. Pathankot
  48. 1854Sacramento becomes the permanent capital of California. Sacramento
  49. 1856Dallas is incorporated as a city on 2 February 1856. Dallas
  50. 1856Christchurch becomes a city by letters patent on 31 July 1856, New Zealand's oldest established city. Christchurch
  51. 1857282 soldiers of the 26th Native Infantry are killed at Kalianwala Khu. Ajnala
  52. 1857Government High School founded — the oldest government school in Punjab. Rahon
  53. 1858Sardar Fateh Singh builds the family's ancestral house. Khatkar Kalan
  54. 1859Garibaldi takes Bergamo; its volunteers earn it the name Città dei Mille, City of the Thousand. Bergamo
  55. 1861Kennedy Trail opens a settler route through present-day Surrey. Surrey
  56. 1863Colonel Thomas Baker arrives on the Kern River; his stopover becomes known as Baker's Field. Bakersfield
  57. 1864The 4th Waikato Regiment settles Hamilton in August 1864, after the Invasion of Waikato. Hamilton
  58. 1865Lala Lajpat Rai is born at Dhudike. Dhudike
  59. 1866Prussia annexes the Free City of Frankfurt after the Austro-Prussian War. Frankfurt
  60. 1867Ludhiana Municipality is established. Ludhiana
  61. 1867Municipal status granted. Rawalpindi
  62. 1868Albon Platt Man buys about 400 acres and Edward Richmond lays out the community of Richmond Hill. Richmond Hill
  63. 1869Thomas Baker lays out the Bakersfield townsite. Bakersfield
  64. 1869Seattle is incorporated on 2 December 1869. Seattle
  65. 1870The railway from Ludhiana reaches Khanna and growth shifts towards the station. Khanna
  66. 1870Doraha railway station opens. Doraha
  67. 1871Rome becomes the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. Rome
  68. 1871Berlin becomes the capital of the newly founded German Empire. Berlin
  69. 187265 Namdhari prisoners are executed by cannon at Malerkotla without trial. Malerkotla
  70. 1872Fresno is founded as a railway station; it is incorporated in 1885 and becomes county seat of Fresno County. Fresno
  71. 1873Bakersfield is first incorporated; it becomes Kern County seat in 1874 and is re-incorporated on 11 January 1898. Bakersfield
  72. 1873The Livingston post office opens; a spelling error on the application fixes the name as Livingston, for Dr David Livingstone. Livingston
  73. 1875First Harballabh Sangeet Sammelan held at Devi Talab. Jalandhar
  74. 1875Mohindra College is founded in Patiala. Patiala
  75. 1877Jagatjit Singh ascends the throne of Kapurthala State as a child. Kapurthala
  76. 1879The Upper Bari Doab Canal is completed, irrigating the Dhariwal tract. Dhariwal
  77. 1879Surrey incorporated as a municipality on 10 November, named for the English county. Surrey
  78. 1879Delta is incorporated as a municipality, with Ladner as its centre. Delta
  79. 1880The New Egerton Woolen Mills is established at Dhariwal. Dhariwal
  80. 1880The Valley View School District is founded and Selma's first post office opens, as the railroad townsite takes shape. Selma
  81. 1882The first Ropar headworks opens, feeding the Sirhind Canal. Rupnagar
  82. 1882The Sirhind Canal begins carrying water from Ropar and reaches Doraha. Doraha
  83. 1884Sir Alexander MacRobert purchases the mills. Dhariwal
  84. 1885Fazilka gets a municipality on 10 December. Fazilka
  85. 1885Maharaja Raghubir Singh commissions the Clock Tower. Sangrur
  86. 1886Khanna becomes a class II municipality. Khanna
  87. 1888The name Woogoolga is gazetted; it becomes Woolgoolga in 1966. Woolgoolga
  88. 1889Mirza Ghulam Ahmad founds the Ahmadiyya movement. Qadian
  89. 1890sSikhs are among the first Punjabi settlers in Christchurch, in the small wave of 1890 to 1910. Christchurch
  90. 1891Christian Boys High School, Kharar's oldest educational institution, is established. Kharar
  91. 1891Principal Harbhajan Singh, the town's education and football pioneer, is born in Mahilpur. Mahilpur
  92. 1892The Finger Print Bureau — among the region's oldest forensic units — is set up. Phillaur
  93. 1893Selma is incorporated on 15 March 1893, the second city in Fresno County. Selma
  94. 1893Leeds is awarded city status. Leeds
  95. 1894Richmond Hill is incorporated as an independent village. Richmond Hill
  96. 1894The Manchester Ship Canal opens, linking inland Manchester to the sea. Manchester
  97. 1897Havildar Ishar Singh of Jhorran, in Jagraon tehsil, leads 21 Sikhs at the Battle of Saragarhi. Jagraon
  98. 1898Richmond Hill becomes part of New York City as Queens is consolidated into the city. Richmond Hill
  99. 1899Udham Singh is born at Sunam on 26 December. Sunam
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20th century

  1. 1900sThe town becomes the headquarters of Samrala tehsil in Ludhiana district. Samrala
  2. 1900Sohan Singh Bhullar arrives in Canada from Punjab, aged 18; he moves to Alberta in 1907. Edmonton
  3. 1901The railway reaches Moga; the tea trade coins the phrase Moga chah joga. Moga
  4. 1901Melbourne becomes the interim seat of the Australian government, serving until Canberra takes over in 1927. Melbourne
  5. 1901Dubai is established as a free port, with no taxation on imports or exports, drawing Indian and Persian merchants. Dubai
  6. 1902Sikh soldiers from Punjab arrive in Vancouver aboard the Empress of Japan. Vancouver
  7. 1904The mill employs 908 people; the Imperial Gazetteer calls its woollens famous across colonial India. Dhariwal
  8. 1904The Punjab States Gazetteer lists Morinda among the chhats of the Taoni Rajputs. Morinda
  9. 1904Kharar serves as a chhat (estate centre) of the Taoni Rajputs, with 116 villages under it. Kharar
  10. 1905Hoshiarpur railway station is built; the city is the terminus of the Jalandhar branch. Hoshiarpur
  11. 1905Dhuri station opens on the Ludhiana to Jakhal line; a second line to Rajpura and Bathinda later makes it a junction. Dhuri
  12. 1906The Khanna grain market, later known as Asia's largest, is established. Khanna
  13. 1906Khalsa Diwan Society founded, the first Sikh organization in Canada. Vancouver
  14. 1906First Sikh recorded as arriving in Yuba City. Yuba City
  15. 1906First Sikh recorded as coming to Fresno (Pluralism Project, Gurdwara Nanaksar). Fresno
  16. 1907Bellingham riots: Sikh lumber mill workers north of Seattle are attacked and driven out of Bellingham. Seattle
  17. 1908The Jagatjit Palace is completed. Kapurthala
  18. 1908First gurdwara in Canada opens at 1866 West 2nd Avenue. Vancouver
  19. 1908Yuba City is incorporated on 23 January; it is the county seat of Sutter County. Yuba City
  20. 1908The Khalsa Jatha British Isles is founded in London, the first gurdwara established in Europe. London
  21. 1910Harnam Singh Hari settles with the first Sikh family in the Calgary area. Calgary
  22. 1910Park Extension is annexed to Montreal, becoming the city's immigrant landing district. Montreal
  23. 1911Maharaja Bhupinder Singh captains the first all India cricket team to tour England. Patiala
  24. 1911Maharaja Hira Singh takes the title of Maharaja at the end of his long reign. Nabha
  25. 1912The Jalandhar–Firozpur railway line is laid; Makhu station opens on it. Makhu
  26. 1912Pacific Coast Khalsa Diwan Society founders Jawala Singh and Wasakha Singh establish Gurdwara Sahib Stockton on 24 October, the first gurdwara in the United States. Stockton
  27. 1913Kartar Singh is recorded as the first person to buy land in Sutter County; Alien Land Laws bar Punjabis from owning land. Yuba City
  28. 1913Stockton Gurdwara backs the Ghadar Party and its Punjabi newspaper, The Ghadar. Stockton
  29. 1914Komagata Maru held in Vancouver harbour; the community supports its passengers. Vancouver
  30. 1915The railway from Jalandhar City reaches Mukerian. Mukerian
  31. 1916Sikh soldier John Baboo enlists in Winnipeg for the First World War; wounded at Vimy Ridge. Winnipeg
  32. 1919The Jallianwala Bagh massacre, 13 April. Amritsar
  33. 1919Leicester's city status is restored. Leicester
  34. 1920Khalsa Senior Secondary School is founded, anchoring Sikh education in the town. Kharar
  35. 1920sA larger group of about 20 Sikhs settles in Fresno after the First World War. Fresno
  36. 1920Punjabi immigrants own 2,099 acres and lease 86,340 acres, almost exclusively in the Imperial and Sacramento valleys (UC Berkeley). Sacramento
  37. 1920The Greater Berlin Act expands the city from 66 to 883 square kilometres and takes its population to about four million. Berlin
  38. 1922Raja Ravi Sher Singh of Kalsia visits Dera Bassi. Dera Bassi
  39. 1922Livingston is incorporated as a city on 11 September 1922. Livingston
  40. 1923Maharaja Ripudaman Singh is forced to abdicate; his removal feeds into the Jaito Morcha. Nabha
  41. 1924Puna Singh and family are recorded as the first Asian Indian resident family in the area. Yuba City
  42. 1924Immigration Act restricts Punjabi immigration; land laws affect Punjabi farmers in California. Fresno
  43. 1925Pt. Ramjidass manufactures India's first sewing machine at Bassi Pathana. Bassi Pathana
  44. 1925By the early to mid 1920s Bhatra Sikhs are established in Glasgow and Edinburgh. Glasgow
  45. 1926DAV College Hoshiarpur is established. Hoshiarpur
  46. 1927Government College Hoshiarpur begins as an intermediate college. Hoshiarpur
  47. 1927Morinda Junction railway station opens. Morinda
  48. 1927All Saints Church becomes Derby Cathedral, creating the Diocese of Derby. Derby
  49. 1928Lajpat Rai dies of injuries from the Lahore lathi charge. Dhudike
  50. 1929The Kangra Valley Railway opens from Pathankot to Jogindernagar. Pathankot
  51. 1929The Lateran Treaty creates Vatican City, an independent state enclaved inside Rome. Rome
  52. 1930The Moorish Mosque is completed. Kapurthala
  53. 1930sThe first Asian settlers arrive in Leeds, men seeking employment. Leeds
  54. 1930sFrom the late 1930s, many Punjabi Sikhs settle in the Waikato and take up dairy farming. Hamilton
  55. 1932Harchand Singh Longowal is born on 2 January at Gidariani; he later settles at Longowal and takes its name. Longowal
  56. 1932The Sydney Harbour Bridge opens, linking the city centre to the north shore. Sydney
  57. 1932Latina is founded as Littoria on 30 June 1932 on the drained Pontine Marshes and inaugurated on 18 December 1932. Latina
  58. 1932The first international flight lands at Al Mahatta, a refuelling stop on the Imperial Airways route between India and Britain. Sharjah
  59. 1933Port of Stockton deepwater channel opens, making Stockton an inland seaport. Stockton
  60. 1934Littoria becomes a provincial capital. Latina
  61. 1936Maharaja Bhupinder Singh builds the Kali Devi Temple. Patiala
  62. 1937Pattullo Bridge opens on 15 November, linking Surrey to New Westminster. Surrey
  63. 1939Punjabi pioneers from Rurka Kalan help set up the Indian Workers Association in Coventry. Coventry
  64. 1940Udham Singh shoots Michael O'Dwyer at Caxton Hall, London, on 13 March; he is hanged at Pentonville on 31 July. Sunam
  65. 1940The Coventry Blitz of 14 November kills 568 people and destroys the medieval cathedral. Coventry
  66. 1940The Story Bridge opens across the Brisbane River. Brisbane
  67. 1943Allied firebombing in Operation Gomorrah devastates much of Hamburg and its harbour. Hamburg
  68. 1946After the Second World War the city is renamed Latina. Latina
  69. 1946Sri Guru Gobind Singh Khalsa College is founded, with Harbhajan Singh as founder principal. Mahilpur
  70. 1947Partition puts the border about 28 km west of the city. Amritsar
  71. 1947Partition reshapes the town as refugee families join the mill workforce. Dhariwal
  72. 1947Partition keeps Pathankot in India, turning it into a border city. Pathankot
  73. 1947Partition; Sujanpur remains in Gurdaspur district, East Punjab. Sujanpur
  74. 1947Partition; Tanda remains in Hoshiarpur district, East Punjab. Tanda (Tanda Urmar)
  75. 1947Kapurthala State accedes to India; it joins PEPSU the following year. Kapurthala
  76. 1947Partition refugees settle and build Phagwara's small industries. Phagwara
  77. 1947Partition; Goraya remains in Jalandhar district, East Punjab. Goraya
  78. 1947Partition; the town remains in its district in East Punjab. Nakodar
  79. 1947Partition; Shahkot remains in Jalandhar district, East Punjab. Shahkot
  80. 1947Partition; the town remains in its district in East Punjab. Banga
  81. 1947Malerkotla stays comparatively peaceful through Partition. Malerkotla
  82. 1947Partition; Payal remains in Ludhiana district, East Punjab. Payal
  83. 1947Partition reshapes trade routes across Malwa's mandi towns. Tapa
  84. 1947Partition; Malwa's mandi towns absorb trade disrupted by the new border. Mansa
  85. 1947Partition reshapes trade across southern Malwa. Budhlada
  86. 1947After Partition, the town becomes part of Barnala district in PEPSU. Rampura Phul
  87. 1947Partition; Malwa's mandi towns absorb refugees and trade grows. Maur
  88. 1947Partition; refugees settle in the town as the new border takes shape nearby. Malout
  89. 1947Partition makes Abohar a border city; refugees settle in large numbers. Abohar
  90. 1947The Radcliffe Line makes Fazilka a border town. Fazilka
  91. 1947Partition; the area's trade routes are redrawn. Jalalabad
  92. 1947Partition; the Sodhi family's followers across the new border are cut off from the town. Guru Har Sahai
  93. 1947Partition; the town sits in the border district of Ferozepur. Zira
  94. 1947Partition reshapes trade across the region. Moga
  95. 1947Partition reshapes the region's trade. Bagha Purana
  96. 1947Partition reshapes the region's trade. Dharamkot
  97. 1947Partition; the town sits in the border district of Ferozepur. Makhu
  98. 1947Partition; Patti becomes part of the border belt. Patti
  99. 1947Partition; Khem Karan becomes a frontier town on the new border. Khem Karan
  100. 1947Partition; Bhikhiwind becomes part of the border belt. Bhikhiwind
  101. 1947Partition; Ajnala remains in the border district of Amritsar. Ajnala
  102. 1947Partition; Majitha remains in Amritsar district. Majitha
  103. 1947Partition; Batala remains the leading city of the border district. Batala
  104. 1947Partition; the Ahmadiyya headquarters moves to Pakistan. Qadian
  105. 1947Partition; the town remains in Gurdaspur district. Sri Hargobindpur
  106. 1947Rai Inayat Khan, the last Rai chief, holds custody of the Ganga Sagar relic at Partition. Jagraon
  107. 1947A Model Town colony is laid out along the Samrala road in 1947 to 1949 for refugee families. Khanna
  108. 1947Partition riots and the Rawalpindi massacres; the city is awarded to Pakistan. Rawalpindi
  109. 1948Bathinda becomes a full district headquarters under PEPSU. Bathinda
  110. 1948Patiala becomes capital of PEPSU, with Yadavindra Singh as Rajpramukh. Patiala
  111. 1948Land is acquired and the township is laid out as Bhakra Dam construction is planned. Nangal
  112. 1948The princely state accedes to India and joins PEPSU. Malerkotla
  113. 1948Kalsia merges into PEPSU and Dera Bassi joins Kohistan district. Dera Bassi
  114. 1948Banur's time as a Taoni Rajput chhat ends with the reorganisation after Independence. Banur
  115. 1948Nabha State merges into PEPSU; in 1956 PEPSU joins Punjab and Nabha becomes part of Patiala district. Nabha
  116. 1948Sangrur district is formed in PEPSU with Sangrur as headquarters. Sangrur
  117. 1948Malerkotla princely state joins the Patiala and East Punjab States Union after the princely states are dissolved. Malerkotla District
  118. 1949Government College becomes Panjab University's University College. Hoshiarpur
  119. 1949The Balraj Mandir Committee is formed. Balachaur
  120. 1949The Rajpura Development Ordinance creates a planned township for Bahawalpur refugees. Rajpura
  121. 1950The first group of South Asian settlers arrives in Southall, recruited for a local factory. London
  122. 1950The first group of South Asian settlers arrives in Southall, recruited for a local factory. Southall
  123. 1951Census records the population jump brought by Partition migration. Rajpura
  124. 1951The Dhuri assembly constituency is established. Dhuri
  125. 1951Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan assassinated at Liaquat Bagh. Rawalpindi
  126. 1952The Mukerian to Pathankot railway line is built. Mukerian
  127. 1952The Harike Barrage is built at the Sutlej–Beas confluence nearby, creating the Harike wetland. Makhu
  128. 1952A new head regulator is built; its reservoir forms the Ropar Wetland lake. Rupnagar
  129. 1952Akali Singh Gurdwara opens in East Vancouver. Vancouver
  130. 1952In the early 1950s Glasgow's first gurdwara opens at 79 South Portland Street in the Gorbals. Glasgow
  131. 1953ASI excavations under Y. D. Sharma begin at the Nalagarh Tibbi mound, the first Harappan excavation of independent India. Rupnagar
  132. 1953Dera Bassi becomes part of Patiala district. Dera Bassi
  133. 1953Barnala district is abolished and its tehsils divided between Sangrur and Bathinda. Barnala
  134. 1953Barnala district, then in PEPSU, is abolished and its tehsils are divided between Sangrur and Bathinda districts. Barnala District
  135. 1954Nangal Dam is completed and the hydel channel commissioned on 8 July; the Panchsheel principles are formalised on its banks. Nangal
  136. 1954Rampura Phul is moved to Bathinda district. Rampura Phul
  137. 1954Guru Nanak Dev Ji's birthday celebrated in Toronto for the first time, at a private home. Toronto
  138. 1954Organisational roots of the Sikh Cultural Society, later the centre of Little Punjab. Richmond Hill
  139. 1955The Indian Air Force builds the Adampur airbase. Adampur
  140. 1955-56The co-operative sugar mill plant is installed as the Janta Co-operative Sugar Mills. Bhogpur
  141. 1956-57The mill crushes its first cane season. Bhogpur
  142. 1956Villagers form the Lala Lajpat Rai Birthplace Memorial Committee. Dhudike
  143. 1956Dalip Singh Saund, whose Berkeley studies were sponsored by the Stockton Gurdwara, is elected to Congress. Stockton
  144. 1958Didar Singh Bains arrives in the United States from Hoshiarpur district, Punjab. Yuba City
  145. 1958The first gurdwara in Leeds is established off Chapeltown Road. Leeds
  146. 1959–1969Interim capital of Pakistan while Islamabad is built. Rawalpindi
  147. 1959George Massey Tunnel opens, ending Delta's isolation. Delta
  148. 1960The Dera Baba Murad Shah is established in its present organised form. Nakodar
  149. 1960sSikhs begin settling in Malton, in the city's northeast, near the airport. Mississauga
  150. 1960sNaturalization records first show a Sikh presence in Kern County, in Taft and Bakersfield (CSU Bakersfield). Bakersfield
  151. 1960The first Sikh gurdwaras open in Leicester as the post-war Sikh community grows. Leicester
  152. 1960Rome hosts the Summer Olympics, where Punjabi sprinter Milkha Singh finishes fourth in the 400 metres. Rome
  153. 1961The National Institute of Sports is founded at Moti Bagh Palace. Patiala
  154. 1961Sainik School Kapurthala is inaugurated in the Jagatjit Palace. Kapurthala
  155. 1961Nestle builds its first Indian production facility at Moga. Moga
  156. 1961Nestlé sets up its first Indian dairy plant at Moga. Moga
  157. 1961Nestle sets up its first Indian manufacturing facility at Moga. Moga District
  158. 1961Sri Guru Gobind Singh Gurdwara is established in Manchester, beginning in a terraced house in Hulme. Manchester
  159. 1962Punjab Agricultural University is established at Ludhiana. Ludhiana
  160. 1962Didar Singh Bains buys his first land; he becomes the largest peach farmer in California by 1978. Yuba City
  161. 1962The Space Needle opens for the Seattle world's fair. Seattle
  162. 1962The new Coventry Cathedral, built beside the ruins, is consecrated on 25 May. Coventry
  163. 1962The first Principal Harbhajan Singh Memorial Football Tournament is held after his death. Mahilpur
  164. 1963Nehru dedicates the completed Bhakra Dam to the nation on 22 October. Nangal
  165. 1963Selma adopts the slogan Raisin Capital of the World, with about 90 per cent of US raisins produced within eight miles. Selma
  166. 1963Tauranga is constituted as a city on 17 April 1963. Tauranga
  167. 1964Southall's two Sikh groups merge as Sri Guru Singh Sabha Southall and open a first gurdwara at The Green. London
  168. 1964Southall's two Sikh groups merge as Sri Guru Singh Sabha Southall and open a first gurdwara at The Green. Southall
  169. 1964The New Zealand Sikh Society is established. Auckland
  170. 1964The New Zealand Sikh Society is established in Hamilton. Hamilton
  171. 1965PAF targets Adampur in the Indo-Pak war; the attacks fail. Adampur
  172. 1965The Battle of Asal Uttar is fought nearby; Pakistan's Patton tanks are destroyed. Khem Karan
  173. 1965Immigration and Nationality Act reopens family immigration; post 1965 Punjabis join pioneer descendants. Fresno
  174. 1965The Gurdwara Guru Nanak Parkash, Coventry's first gurdwara, is set up on Harnall Lane West. Coventry
  175. 1966Punjab's reorganisation leaves Sujanpur in Gurdaspur district. Sujanpur
  176. 1966The Punjab Reorganisation Act keeps Dasuya in Punjab, rejecting a claim to move it to Himachal Pradesh. Dasuya
  177. 1966Punjab's reorganisation confirms Tanda in Hoshiarpur district. Tanda (Tanda Urmar)
  178. 1966Punjab's reorganisation confirms Goraya in Jalandhar district. Goraya
  179. 1966Punjab's reorganisation confirms Shahkot in Jalandhar district. Shahkot
  180. 1966Punjab's reorganisation confirms Payal in Ludhiana district. Payal
  181. 1966Punjab is reorganised on linguistic lines; Tapa remains in the Punjabi-speaking state. Tapa
  182. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Mansa
  183. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Maur
  184. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Malout
  185. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Abohar
  186. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Fazilka
  187. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Jalalabad
  188. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Zira
  189. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Moga
  190. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Bagha Purana
  191. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Dharamkot
  192. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Makhu
  193. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Patti
  194. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Khem Karan
  195. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Bhikhiwind
  196. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Ajnala
  197. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Majitha
  198. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Batala
  199. 1966Punjab reorganised on linguistic lines. Sri Hargobindpur
  200. 1966The Guru Nanak Satsang Gurdwara, the first gurdwara in Wolverhampton, is established. Wolverhampton
  201. 1966Oil is struck in Dubai; revenue funds infrastructure while trade remains the city's engine. Dubai
  202. 1968The community registers its society, first called the Singh Society. Calgary
  203. 1968The First Sikh Temple opens in Woolgoolga, the first gurdwara opened in Australia. Woolgoolga
  204. 1969Guru Nanak Dev University is founded. Amritsar
  205. 1969Sikh Society of Manitoba founded in a rented space in Winnipeg. Winnipeg
  206. 1969Pape Gurdwara opens at 269 Pape Avenue, the first gurdwara in Ontario. Toronto
  207. 1969Groundbreaking for the Yuba City gurdwara on the 500th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak; 26 founding members form the temple committee. Yuba City
  208. 1969The Sikh Satsang of Indianapolis dates its community organisation to this year. Indianapolis
  209. 1970First Punjabi Market shop opens at Main Street and 49th Avenue. Vancouver
  210. 1970Sikh Temple Gurdwara opens on Tierra Buena Road, the first US gurdwara built in Indo-Persian style. Yuba City
  211. 1970Yuba City opens its own gurdwara, ending decades of travel to Stockton for worship. Stockton
  212. 1970sSikhs begin settling in northwestern continental Europe, Germany among the destinations, as single male labour migrants. Frankfurt
  213. 1971The Pathankot to Jammu Tawi line opens, completing the through route. Mukerian
  214. 1971Adampur's interceptors cover Pathankot in the December war. Adampur
  215. 1971Guru Nanak College is founded in Budhlada. Budhlada
  216. 1971Fighting in the Fazilka sector; the Asafwala War Memorial later commemorates the fallen. Fazilka
  217. 1971The Fazilka sector is fought over in the December war; the Asafwala memorial follows in 1972. Fazilka District
  218. 1971The first Sikhs arrive in Houston; the first religious gathering is held on 1 August 1971 on Bellaire Boulevard. Houston
  219. 1971Sharjah joins the Act of Union on 2 December, becoming one of the founding emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Sharjah
  220. 1972Moga tehsil moves from Ferozepur into the newly created Faridkot district. Moga District
  221. 1972The Sikh Cultural Society gurdwara opens in South Richmond Hill, among the oldest on the East Coast. Richmond Hill
  222. 1972The Sikh Religious Society of Chicago is incorporated. Chicago
  223. 1972Asians expelled from Uganda arrive in Leicester, among them many Punjabi Sikhs from East Africa. Leicester
  224. 1972Munich hosts the Summer Olympics. Munich
  225. 1973Guru Nanak Sikh Society formed to serve Sikh families in the Surrey and Delta area. Surrey
  226. 1973Ontario's Sikh community buys farmland on Dixie Road for a gurdwara. Mississauga
  227. 1973Guru Nanak Sikh Society established in North Delta for about 200 Sikh families. Delta
  228. 1973The Sikh Center opens on Prairie Drive in November 1973, the first gurdwara in Texas. Houston
  229. 1973The Sydney Opera House opens at Bennelong Point. Sydney
  230. 1974Guru Nanak National College is founded in Doraha. Doraha
  231. 1974Udham Singh's remains are repatriated to India and honoured at Sunam. Sunam
  232. 1974The Town of Caledon is formed on 1 January by amalgamation. Caledon
  233. 1974The first Patel Brothers grocery store opens on Devon Avenue. Chicago
  234. 1975The Ramgarhia Sabha Gurdwara on Newhampton Road East officially opens. Wolverhampton
  235. 1975The Sikh Association of Western Australia is founded. Perth
  236. 1976Nanaksar Gurdwara opens in Edmonton, Alberta’s joint first gurdwara with Calgary. Edmonton
  237. 1976The Sikh Temple of North Texas in Garland dates its establishment to this year. Dallas
  238. 1977Chhatbir Zoo is named the Mahendra Chaudhary Zoological Park. Zirakpur
  239. 1977The Guru Nanak Nishkam Sewak Jatha opens its first gurdwara at 18 to 20 Soho Road, Handsworth. Birmingham
  240. 1977Derby receives full city status. Derby
  241. 1977The first Sikh temple in New Zealand is built in Hamilton, at Te Rapa. Hamilton
  242. 1978The Nangal fertilizer plant passes from the Fertilizer Corporation of India to National Fertilizers Limited. Nangal
  243. 1978Ontario Khalsa Darbar officially starts in the farmhouse on Dixie Road. Mississauga
  244. 1978The Sikh Society of South Australia is formed by a handful of Sikh families. Adelaide
  245. 1979Deposed prime minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto hanged in Rawalpindi. Rawalpindi
  246. 1979Calgary's first gurdwara opens; the society becomes the Sikh Society of Calgary. Calgary
  247. 1979First Nagar Kirtan held in Yuba City (local pioneer chronology; UC Davis archive dates the parade founding to 1980). Yuba City
  248. 1979The Sikh Religious Society opens its Palatine gurdwara, the first in the Greater Chicago area and then the only one in the Midwest. Chicago
  249. 1979The Sikh Society of Michigan buys an old church and converts it into the area's first established gurdwara. Detroit
  250. 1979The Indian Association Sharjah is established and Sharjah Indian School opens on 5 September with 280 pupils and 13 teachers. Sharjah
  251. 1980sFrom the mid-1980s, Indian workers, mainly Sikhs from Punjab, begin working the farms of the Agro Pontino. Latina
  252. 1981The British India Corporation is nationalised by the Government of India. Dhariwal
  253. 1981The fort becomes the Maharaja Ranjit Singh Punjab Police Academy. Phillaur
  254. 1981The Shaheed-e-Azam Bhagat Singh Museum opens on the 50th martyrdom anniversary. Khatkar Kalan
  255. 1981The present Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara opens on Scott Road in Surrey. Surrey
  256. 1981Guru Nanak Sikh Gurdwara opens on Scott Road at the Surrey and Delta border. Delta
  257. 1982The ancestral house is declared a protected monument. Khatkar Kalan
  258. 1982Ramgarhia Gursikh Society of Edmonton registered; its Mill Woods congregation begins in 1983. Edmonton
  259. 1983The society breaks ground and builds its permanent gurdwara home. Winnipeg
  260. 1983Sikh Temple Sacramento is founded with the purchase of a church building on Evergreen Avenue, West Sacramento. Sacramento
  261. 1984Dashmesh Culture Centre established in northeast Calgary. Calgary
  262. 1984Melbourne's first gurdwara opens in Fern Tree Gully, bought by the pioneering families of the Sri Guru Nanak Satsang Sabha. Melbourne
  263. 1984Political turmoil in Punjab brings further waves of Sikh political migrants to Germany, many claiming asylum. Frankfurt
  264. 1985Sant Longowal signs the eleven-point Punjab Accord with Rajiv Gandhi on 24 July. Longowal
  265. 1985Sant Longowal is assassinated at Sherpur village on 20 August, weeks after the Accord. Longowal
  266. 1985About 9,000 Sikhs live in the Montreal area. Montreal
  267. 1986Alex Fraser Bridge links North Delta to New Westminster and Richmond. Delta
  268. 1986Sikh Association of Fresno is established. Fresno
  269. 1986Leicester's annual Vaisakhi Nagar Kirtan begins, with fewer than 1,000 Sikhs. Leicester
  270. 1987Makhu is notified as a nagar panchayat with 13 wards. Makhu
  271. 1988The Rail Coach Factory rolls out its first coach on 31 March. Kapurthala
  272. 1988The mill is renamed the Bhogpur Co-operative Sugar Mills Ltd. Bhogpur
  273. 1988The Brisbane Sikh Temple is completed at 2679 Logan Road, Eight Mile Plains, the first gurdwara in South East Queensland. Brisbane
  274. 1988The society opens the state's first gurdwara in Enfield in April 1988. Adelaide
  275. 1989The Government of India establishes SLIET at Longowal in the Sant's memory. Longowal
  276. 1989The Dixie Road Gurdwara building is officially inaugurated on 25 June. Mississauga
  277. 1990Harike is declared a Ramsar wetland of international importance. Makhu
  278. 1990sThe community builds the first Sikh school in Kern County on Weedpatch Highway. Bakersfield
  279. 1990sFrom the early 1990s, thousands of Indian migrants settle in the Bay of Plenty, mostly for kiwifruit work. Tauranga
  280. 1990German reunification makes Berlin the capital of all Germany again. Berlin
  281. 1991SLIET is formally inaugurated on 20 December. Longowal
  282. 1991Italy's first gurdwara opens in an abandoned flour mill in Rio Saliceto, in Reggio Emilia province. Reggio Emilia
  283. 1992Mansa district is carved out of Bathinda; the town becomes district headquarters. Mansa
  284. 1992Mansa district is created and the Budhlada subdivision comes into being. Budhlada
  285. 1992Fatehgarh Sahib district is created, with its municipal council seated at Sirhind. Sirhind
  286. 1992On the creation of Fatehgarh Sahib district, Amloh becomes a sub-divisional headquarters. Amloh
  287. 1992Glasgow's annual Vaisakhi Nagar Kirtan begins, in April. Glasgow
  288. 1993Shubhdeep Singh Sidhu is born in Moosa village. Moosa
  289. 1993Surrey receives city status on 11 September. Surrey
  290. 1993Punjabi American Heritage Society is established in Yuba City. Yuba City
  291. 1993Gurdwara Singh Sabha of Washington is established in Renton; it is expanded in 1997. Seattle
  292. 1994A new Gurdwara Sahib opens in Livingston, attended by hundreds of Sikhs from across Northern California. Livingston
  293. 1995Nawanshahr district is created; Banga gets a nearby district HQ. Banga
  294. 1995Nawanshahr district is created, with the town as headquarters. Nawanshahr
  295. 1995Moga district is carved out of Faridkot; the city becomes district headquarters. Moga
  296. 1995Moga district is created; Bagha Purana joins the new district. Bagha Purana
  297. 1995Moga district is created; Dharamkot joins the new district. Dharamkot
  298. 1995Moga becomes the 17th district of Punjab on 24 November, carved out of Faridkot. Moga District
  299. 1995Cheema v. Thompson: a federal appellate court affirms Livingston Sikh students may wear the kirpan at school with safety precautions. Livingston
  300. 1996Nanaksar Gurdwara moves to Horse Hill Road. Edmonton
  301. 1997The new Gurdwara Sahib in West Sacramento opens on 27 July 1997; its larger complex follows in 2010. Sacramento
  302. 1997New Zealand's first gurdwara opens in Hamilton; seven more follow in the Auckland area. Auckland
  303. 1998The Archaeological Museum opens to the public. Rupnagar
  304. 1999Takhni-Rehmapur is declared a wildlife sanctuary. Hoshiarpur
  305. 1999Mirages from Adampur strike Tiger Hill in the Kargil conflict. Adampur
  306. 1999The Sikh Satsang opens its purpose built gurdwara in southeast Indianapolis. Indianapolis
  307. 1999The Sikh Temple opens at 192 Chapeltown Road, replacing the former chapel across the road. Leeds

21st century

  1. 2000The GT Road's widening into NH-44 reshapes the town's highway economy. Goraya
  2. 2000sKharar is absorbed into the Greater Mohali urban spread as a municipal council. Kharar
  3. 2000sMayfield West begins growing as spillover from Brampton. Caledon
  4. 2001Census records a population of 12,630. Nurmahal
  5. 2001Census records a town population of 16,315. Sardulgarh
  6. 2001Census records a population of 19,058. Bassi Pathana
  7. 2001Census records a population of 25,022. Zirakpur
  8. 2001Gurdwara Guru Nanak Darbar is built in LaSalle, with a 172 foot Nishan Sahib. Montreal
  9. 2001Wolverhampton gains city status. Wolverhampton
  10. 2001The Gurdwara Sahib at Canning Vale is opened on 4 March 2001. Perth
  11. 2002Kanjli Wetland is designated a Ramsar site on 22 January. Kapurthala
  12. 2002Ropar Wetland is designated a Ramsar site on 22 January. Rupnagar
  13. 2003The Sikh National Center comes into existence on 12 March 2003 as the community outgrows the Sikh Center. Houston
  14. 2003The Guru Nanak Road (Havelock Road) gurdwara in Southall opens on 30 March 2003, the largest Sikh temple in London. London
  15. 2003The Guru Nanak Road (Havelock Road) gurdwara opens on 30 March 2003, the largest Sikh temple in London. Southall
  16. 2004The present Sikh Cultural Society temple opens, replacing the building destroyed by fire in 2002. Richmond Hill
  17. 2005Pushpa Gujral Science City opens on 19 March. Kapurthala
  18. 2005Lovely Professional University is established at Chaheru. Phagwara
  19. 2006Barnala district is carved out of Sangrur; Tapa becomes part of the new district. Tapa
  20. 2006Tarn Taran district is created; Patti joins the new district. Patti
  21. 2006Tarn Taran district is created; Khem Karan joins the new district. Khem Karan
  22. 2006Tarn Taran district is created; Bhikhiwind joins the new district. Bhikhiwind
  23. 2006New Morinda Junction opens as the junction of the Chandigarh to Sahnewal line. Morinda
  24. 2006Dera Bassi is transferred to the new SAS Nagar (Mohali) district. Dera Bassi
  25. 2006Barnala district is restored, carved out of Sangrur on 19 November. Barnala
  26. 2006Barnala district is restored on 19 November, carved out of Sangrur district. Barnala District
  27. 2006Khalsa Gurmat Center begins serving families in the Seattle region; it is now an independent Sikh school and centre in Federal Way. Seattle
  28. 2006Curryfest is inaugurated as a celebration of Woolgoolga's Punjabi heritage. Woolgoolga
  29. 2007A larger-than-life statue of Lalaji is dedicated at the memorial. Dhudike
  30. 2007SLIET is accorded deemed to be university status. Longowal
  31. 2007The Gurdwara Shri Guru Hargobind Sahib Ji opens in Greenwood, serving the growing southern suburbs. Indianapolis
  32. 2008Sai Ghulam Shah 'Laddi Shah', head of the dargah, passes away. Nakodar
  33. 2008The district is renamed Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar. Banga
  34. 2008The district is renamed Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar. Nawanshahr
  35. 2008The district is renamed Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar. Balachaur
  36. 2008The district is renamed Shaheed Bhagat Singh Nagar. Khatkar Kalan
  37. 2008The Indian Institute of Technology Ropar is established. Rupnagar
  38. 2009Production ceases at the Dhariwal unit. Dhariwal
  39. 2009The Tribune reports a central grant of Rs 1.06 crore to renovate the Pandav Sarovar temple and tank. Dasuya
  40. 2009The Nangal wetland is declared a wildlife sanctuary. Nangal
  41. 2009Khalsa Day Parade moves to the first Sunday in May, Malton to Rexdale route. Toronto
  42. 2009The first National Sikh Heritage Centre and Holocaust Museum launches in Derby, on Princes Street. Derby
  43. 2009The first South Island Sikh centre opens in Christchurch. Christchurch
  44. 2010The Archaeological Survey of India begins restoring the Pothimala building and its 18th-century murals. Guru Har Sahai
  45. 2010A memorial to the victims of Air India Flight 182 opens in Lachine; about 35 passengers were Sikhs from Greater Montreal. Montreal
  46. 2010The Illinois Sikh Community Center is established in Wheaton. Chicago
  47. 2010The Mahatma Gandhi District on Hillcroft Avenue is officially named on 16 January 2010. Houston
  48. 2011Census records a population of 16,772. Dhariwal
  49. 2011Pathankot becomes a district of Punjab on 27 July, with the city as headquarters. Pathankot
  50. 2011Pathankot district is formed; Sujanpur becomes part of the new district. Sujanpur
  51. 2011Census records 29,841 residents in the municipal council, literacy 88.1 percent. Mukerian
  52. 2011Census records a population of 25,192. Dasuya
  53. 2011Census records a population of 23,419. Tanda (Tanda Urmar)
  54. 2011Census records a population of 168,653. Hoshiarpur
  55. 2011Census records a population of 16,955. Garhshankar
  56. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 98,916. Kapurthala
  57. 2011Census records a population of nearly 1.2 lakh. Phagwara
  58. 2011Census records the tehsil at over 1.6 lakh people. Shahkot
  59. 2011Census records a population of 17,549. Bhogpur
  60. 2011Census records a population of 21,631. Balachaur
  61. 2011Census records a population of 7,923. Payal
  62. 2011Census records a population of 6,200. Dhudike
  63. 2011Census records a population of 23,248. Tapa
  64. 2011Census records a population of 82,956. Mansa
  65. 2011Census records a population of 26,172. Budhlada
  66. 2011Census records a town population of 19,219 and a tehsil population of 174,234. Sardulgarh
  67. 2011Census records a population of 51,023. Rampura Phul
  68. 2011Census records a population of 31,849. Maur
  69. 2011Census records a population of 81,406. Malout
  70. 2011Fazilka district is created; Abohar joins the new district. Abohar
  71. 2011Census records a population of 145,302. Abohar
  72. 2011Fazilka district is created; the town becomes district headquarters. Fazilka
  73. 2011Census records a population of 76,492. Fazilka
  74. 2011A multipurpose sports stadium is built for the second World Kabaddi Cup. Jalalabad
  75. 2011Fazilka district is created; Jalalabad joins the new district. Jalalabad
  76. 2011Census records a population of 39,525. Jalalabad
  77. 2011Census records 17,192 residents; Fazilka district is carved out of Ferozepur, with Guru Har Sahai staying in Ferozepur. Guru Har Sahai
  78. 2011Census records a population of 37,498. Zira
  79. 2011Census records a population of 163,397. Moga
  80. 2011Census records a population of 25,206. Bagha Purana
  81. 2011Census records a population of 19,057. Dharamkot
  82. 2011Census records a population of 14,658. Makhu
  83. 2011Census records a population of 40,976. Patti
  84. 2011Census records a population of 13,446. Khem Karan
  85. 2011Census records a population of 20,526. Bhikhiwind
  86. 2011Census records a population of 21,107. Ajnala
  87. 2011Census records a population of 14,503. Majitha
  88. 2011Census records a population of 158,621. Batala
  89. 2011Census records a population of 23,632. Qadian
  90. 2011Census records a population of 8,241. Sri Hargobindpur
  91. 2011Census records a town population of 28,734. Raikot
  92. 2011Census records a population of 128,137. Khanna
  93. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 25,424. Doraha
  94. 2011Census records a population of 20,288, with district-leading literacy. Bassi Pathana
  95. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 24,022. Morinda
  96. 2011Census records a population of 95,553 after a decade of expressway-led growth. Zirakpur
  97. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 26,295. Dera Bassi
  98. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 18,775. Banur
  99. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 92,301. Rajpura
  100. 2011Census records a population of 55,225. Dhuri
  101. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 88,043. Sangrur
  102. 2011Census records 69,069 people in the municipal council with its outgrowth. Sunam
  103. 2011Census records a municipal council population of 23,851. Longowal
  104. 2011Census records a city population of 116,449. Barnala
  105. 2011Census records a population of 15,676. Rahon
  106. 2011Fazilka district is created from Ferozepur district on 27 July 2011. Fazilka District
  107. 2011Census counts 995,746 people in the district. Moga District
  108. 2011Census: 59,460 residents; 1,175 Sikhs (1.99%). Caledon
  109. 2011Sacramento Valley Charter School opens in the West Sacramento gurdwara compound. Sacramento
  110. 2011The 22 February earthquake kills 185 people and destroys much of the city centre; a long rebuild follows. Christchurch
  111. 2011The Sikh military memorial at Forlì, in Emilia-Romagna, is inaugurated, honouring the Sikh soldiers of the Italian campaign. Reggio Emilia
  112. 2011Census of India counts 11,360 people in Mahilpur Nagar Panchayat. Mahilpur
  113. 2012The Guru Gobind Singh Refinery is commissioned at Phulokheri near the city. Bathinda
  114. 2012The Sikh Society of Michigan opens its new gurdwara building in Sterling Heights on 1 September 2012. Detroit
  115. 2012The Guru Nanak Darbar opens in Jebel Ali on 17 January, the first official Sikh gurdwara in the Gulf. Dubai
  116. 2013The Lodhi Fort is declared a state protected monument. Ludhiana
  117. 2013Maur upgraded from sub-tehsil to sub-divisional headquarters. Maur
  118. 2013Around 90,000 people attend the Vaisakhi celebration in Handsworth Park. Birmingham
  119. 2013The Glasgow Gurdwara Guru Granth Sahib on Albert Drive, Scotland's first purpose-built gurdwara, opens in Pollokshields. Glasgow
  120. 2014Excavation recovers 282 skeletons from the well; DNA studies identify them as the 1857 soldiers. Ajnala
  121. 2014The 1,400 MW Nabha Power thermal plant at Nalash begins operating. Rajpura
  122. 2014Sikh Heritage Museum of Canada established in Malton. Mississauga
  123. 2014April proclaimed Sikh Heritage Month in Ontario, launched at Queen's Park, Toronto. Toronto
  124. 2014Seva in Selma: Jakara Movement volunteers from the Selma gurdwara deliver 120 pizzas to neighbours and hold an open house. Selma
  125. 2015Dhudike becomes Punjab's first wifi village. Dhudike
  126. 2015The Maharaja Duleep Singh Memorial at Bassian Kothi is inaugurated on 24 May. Raikot
  127. 2015Sandeep Dhaliwal becomes the first deputy sheriff in Texas to wear a turban on duty, with the Harris County Sheriff's Office. Houston
  128. 2015The Speicherstadt and Kontorhausviertel are declared UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Hamburg
  129. 2016The state marks his 150th birth anniversary at Dhudike. Dhudike
  130. 2016Bhagat Puran Singh Health Initiative opens its Bakersfield chapter, running screenings at gurdwaras. Bakersfield
  131. 2016The Central Gurdwara Singh Sabha on Berkeley Street is completed. Glasgow
  132. 2016Marco Omizzolo and 4,000 Sikhs march through Latina to protest pay and conditions. Latina
  133. 2017“So High” makes Sidhu Moose Wala a star; he names himself for Moosa. Moosa
  134. 2017Delta is formally reclassified as a city on 22 September. Delta
  135. 2017Fresno renames a park for Jaswant Singh Khalra. Fresno
  136. 2017Satwinder Kaur becomes the first Sikh on Kent City Council; Manka Dhingra becomes the first Sikh woman in a US state legislature. Seattle
  137. 2017The Venetian defences of the Città Alta become a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Bergamo
  138. 2018Commercial flights begin under the UDAN scheme. Adampur
  139. 2018Shaheed Bhagat Singh Park inaugurated in Bridgwater Trails. Winnipeg
  140. 2018Gurpal Samra is elected mayor of Livingston and Gagandeep Kang to the city council in the midterm elections. Livingston
  141. 2018The Australian Sikh Heritage Trail is officially opened at Adenia Park, Riverton, on 17 April 2018. Perth
  142. 2019AIIMS Bathinda becomes operational, with its first medical students and outpatient department. Bathinda
  143. 2019Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary is designated a Ramsar site, number 2407, on 26 September. Nangal
  144. 2019Guru Nanak's 550th birth anniversary is celebrated with a grand Nagar Kirtan and the town's gurdwaras renovated. Sultanpur Lodhi
  145. 2019Electrification of the Ludhiana to Dhuri line is completed; the Dhuri to Jakhal stretch follows in 2020. Dhuri
  146. 2019Surrey's Vaisakhi parade is reported at more than 500,000 attendees. Surrey
  147. 2019The first New Zealand Sikh Games are held at Bruce Pulman Park, Papakura, drawing an estimated 20,000 people. Auckland
  148. 2019Sharjah serves as the UNESCO World Book Capital, confirming its standing as the cultural capital of the UAE. Sharjah
  149. 2020The renovated mill is inaugurated on 23 November: 3,000 TCD plus a 15 MW power plant. Bhogpur
  150. 2020Declared the cleanest city in North India (Swachh Survekshan). Nawanshahr
  151. 2020Census: 70,117 residents; derived estimate of about 10,000 Sikhs in the city. Yuba City
  152. 2020Census: 542,107 residents; derived estimate of 13,743 Sikhs in the city. Jakara community health programme begins. Fresno
  153. 2020Census: 320,804 residents; derived estimate of 4,606 Sikhs in the city. Stockton
  154. 2020Census: 524,943 residents; derived estimate of 15,920 Sikhs in Sacramento County. Elk Grove elects Mayor Bobbie Singh-Allen. Sacramento
  155. 2020Census: 403,455 residents; derived estimate of 7,843 Sikhs in the city and 8,751 in Kern County. Bakersfield
  156. 2020101st Avenue is co-named Punjab Avenue and 97th Avenue becomes Gurdwara Street. Richmond Hill
  157. 2020Census: 737,015 residents in Seattle and 4,018,762 in the metropolitan area. Seattle
  158. 2020Census: 14,172 residents; 417 record Sikh alone, the basis of the derived estimate of about 17 per cent Sikh. Livingston
  159. 2020Census: 24,674 residents; 131 record Sikh alone, the basis of the derived estimate of about 760 Sikhs. Selma
  160. 2020Census: 2,746,388 residents; 328 Cook County residents record Sikh alone, the basis of the derived estimate of about 2,062 Sikhs in the county. Chicago
  161. 2020Census: 2,304,580 residents; 606 Harris County residents record Sikh alone, the basis of the derived estimate of about 3,315 Sikhs in the county. Houston
  162. 2020Census: 1,304,379 city residents; in Collin County 427 residents record Sikh alone, the basis of a derived estimate of about 2,451 Sikhs. Dallas
  163. 2020Census: 887,642 city residents; 370 Greenwood residents record Sikh alone, the basis of a derived estimate of about 2,147 Sikhs, 3.36 per cent of the town. Indianapolis
  164. 2021A Rs 30 crore Bio-CNG project from press mud is awarded for the mill. Bhogpur
  165. 2021Malerkotla becomes Punjab's 23rd district on 2 June, with the town as headquarters. Malerkotla
  166. 2021Malerkotla district is carved out of Sangrur as Punjab's 23rd district, with Ahmedgarh among its principal towns. Ahmedgarh
  167. 2021Census counts 568,322 residents; 37.8% South Asian and 27.4% Sikh. Surrey
  168. 2021Malerkotla district is carved out of Sangrur on 2 June 2021, with Malerkotla, Ahmedgarh and Amargarh tehsils. Malerkotla District
  169. 2021Census: 662,248 residents; 16,535 Sikhs in the city, 222,165 across Metro Vancouver. Vancouver
  170. 2021Census: 1,306,780 residents; 49,465 Sikhs; Punjabi the top non-official mother tongue. Calgary
  171. 2021Census: 1,010,899 residents; 41,385 Sikhs in the city. Edmonton
  172. 2021Census: 749,607 residents; 32,510 Sikhs in the city. Winnipeg
  173. 2021Census: 717,961 residents; 24,505 Sikhs; 20,690 Punjabi mother tongue. Mississauga
  174. 2021Census: 2,794,356 residents; 21,545 Sikhs in the city, 244,240 across the CMA. Toronto
  175. 2021Census: 108,455 residents; 19,235 Sikhs; 27,990 South Asians. Delta
  176. 2021Census: 76,581 residents; 10,865 Sikhs (14.28%); Punjabi mother tongue 11.1%. Caledon
  177. 2021Census: 1,762,949 residents; 15,630 Sikhs in the city; 79,670 South Asian residents. Montreal
  178. 2021Elk Grove completes Singh and Kaur Park, commemorating the two Sikh grandfathers killed there in 2011. Sacramento
  179. 2021The Guru Nanak Langar is founded at Southern Methodist University, serving free meals to students of all backgrounds. Dallas
  180. 2021The Census 2021 counts 144,543 Sikhs in the London region; Singh Sabha London East opens its new Barking gurdwara. London
  181. 2021The Census 2021 counts 78,253 people in Southall, of whom 28.5 per cent are Sikh. Southall
  182. 2021The Census 2021 counts 1,144,900 people in Birmingham, including 33,126 Sikhs. Birmingham
  183. 2021The Census 2021 counts 263,700 people in Wolverhampton, of whom 12.0 per cent are Sikh. Wolverhampton
  184. 2021The Census 2021 counts 368,571 people in Leicester, including 16,451 Sikhs. Leicester
  185. 2021The Census 2021 counts 345,324 people in Coventry, including 17,297 Sikhs. Coventry
  186. 2021The Census 2021 counts around 261,400 people in Derby, including 9,762 Sikhs. Derby
  187. 2021The Census 2021 counts 811,953 people in Leeds, including 10,047 Sikhs. Leeds
  188. 2021The Census 2021 counts 551,938 people in Manchester, including 2,718 Sikhs. Manchester
  189. 2021The Census 2021 counts 97,684 Punjabi speakers at home in Greater Melbourne and 91,745 Sikhs across Victoria. Melbourne
  190. 2021The Census 2021 counts 5,231,147 people in Greater Sydney, including 20,761 Punjabi speakers in the Blacktown region. Sydney
  191. 2021The Census 2021 counts 2,526,239 people in Greater Brisbane, including 22,507 Punjabi speakers at home. Brisbane
  192. 2021The Census 2021 counts 2,116,649 people in Greater Perth, including 19,947 Punjabi speakers at home. Perth
  193. 2021The Census 2021 counts 5,791 people in Woolgoolga, including 1,013 Sikhs and 1,009 Punjabi speakers at home. Woolgoolga
  194. 2021The Census 2021 counts 1,387,290 people in Greater Adelaide, including 18,743 Punjabi speakers at home. Adelaide
  195. 2022Moose Wala is shot dead near Jawaharke, Mansa district, aged 28. Moosa
  196. 2022A 6.5-foot statue of the singer is unveiled at his cremation site in Moosa. Moosa
  197. 2022Gurpreet Singh Banawali of the Aam Aadmi Party is elected MLA for Sardulgarh. Sardulgarh
  198. 2022AAP's Balkar Sidhu wins the assembly seat — the party's first win here. Rampura Phul
  199. 2022Zira assembly constituency elects Naresh Kataria as MLA. Makhu
  200. 2022Bhagwant Mann wins Dhuri by 58,206 votes and becomes Chief Minister of Punjab. Dhuri
  201. 2022Khalsa Gurmat Academy begins operating a gurdwara at 6600 Mayfield Road. Caledon
  202. 2022Jasmeet Kaur Bains of Kern County is elected to the California State Assembly, recorded as its first Sikh American member. Bakersfield
  203. 2022Scotland's Census 2022 counts 620,756 people in Glasgow, including 3,456 Sikhs. Glasgow
  204. 2023The Textiles Ministry disburses Rs 80.17 crore in overdue dues to 1,101 BIC employees. Dhariwal
  205. 2023Hundreds gather at Jawahar Ke for prayers on his first death anniversary. Moosa
  206. 2023A section of 118th Street is co-named Guru Nanak Way. Richmond Hill
  207. 2023The Census 2023 counts 1,656,486 people in the Auckland Region, including 27,306 Panjabi speakers. Auckland
  208. 2023The Census 2023 counts 174,741 people in Hamilton City, including 3,729 Panjabi speakers, and 6,795 Sikhs across the Waikato region. Hamilton
  209. 2023The Census 2023 counts 152,844 people in Tauranga City, including 3,120 Panjabi speakers, and 6,324 Sikhs across the Bay of Plenty region. Tauranga
  210. 2023The Census 2023 counts 391,383 people in Christchurch City, including 2,952 Panjabi speakers, and 4,842 Sikhs across the Canterbury region. Christchurch
  211. 2023Estimates put Italy's Sikh population at about 220,000, the second largest in Europe, with Reggio Emilia province among its oldest centres. Reggio Emilia
  212. 2023Bergamo and Brescia are jointly Italian Capital of Culture. Bergamo
  213. 2023The Italian Ministry of Labour reports the metropolitan city of Rome as the largest Indian community in Italy, over 20,000 people. Rome
  214. 202445th Nagar Kirtan draws over 100,000 visitors. Yuba City
  215. 2024Thousands of Indian farm labourers march through Latina after the death of worker Satnam Singh. Latina
  216. 2024Delhi FC plays I-League matches at the town's new sports stadium under a Punjab Sports Department agreement. Mahilpur
  217. 2025PM Narendra Modi visits the base after the May confrontation. Adampur
  218. 2025The Montreal Sikh community holds its Nagar Kirtan parade in LaSalle on 18 May. Montreal
  219. 2025Central Unified votes to name Jaswant Singh Khalra Elementary, reported as the first US public school named after a Sikh. Fresno
  220. 2026The Kangra Valley Railway resumes full services on 2 June after a new Chakki bridge. Pathankot
  221. 2026Torrent Power completes its acquisition of Nabha Power from L&T. Rajpura
  222. 2026Barnala becomes a municipal corporation. Barnala
  223. 2026The Riverview Bridge opens in February, replacing the Pattullo Bridge; organizers report over 450,000 at the Vaisakhi parade. Surrey
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